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Back in November, Fast Company and Johns Hopkins partnered for the first-ever World Changing Ideas Summit in Washington, DC, an event that convened leaders across business and academia to engage with the ideas and innovations reshaping the future. Knowing we were heading into a new year that undoubtedly is bringing new challenges to every industry, we asked some of our speakers working in space, healthcare, AI, and the intersections therein, what would be top of mind for them in 2026: Were in a race against resistance. Akhila Kosaraju, founder and CEO of Pharebio, is using predictive and generative AI to power drug discovery. The startup plans to develop 15 new antibiotics by 2030 that will outpace microbial resistance and cure common but difficult to treat illnesses such as E. coli and C. diff. For Kosaraju, the biggest challenge is time. Were in a race against resistance, she says, noting it can take fewer than six years for bacteria to develop resistance to antibiotics. Meanwhile, it can take 13 yearsmore than double that timeto develop new medicine. Phare Bio President and CEO Akhila Kosaraju [Photo: Sardari Group for Johns Hopkins University] The biggest challenge for us is getting these antibiotics into preclinical and then ultimately clinical development, and FDA approved. I think you’ll hear this across AI for drug discoverythere is an impatience to make sure that these AI models are actually working and that patients actually start seeing those results,” she says. “So our team is laser focused on not just building the best model for its own sake, but really ensuring that we are truly accelerating timelines to get these drugs developed, that these drugs are more novel, less toxic, and more efficacious than what currently exists. If we don’t have a solution, America’s presence in space will stop. Saleem Miyan, CEO of Max Space, a company developing new space stations in partnership with the U.S. government and NASA, believes its essential for both American innovation and security to expand the nations presence in spaceespecially given that the International Space Station will be decommissioned in 2030. That will mean, if we don’t have a solution, America’s presence in space will stopand we don’t want that to happen, Miyan says. As a result of that, we’re putting an awful lot of time, energy, effort, [and] investors capital, to make sure that people understand quite how important being in space is, remaining in space is. Max Space CEO Saleem Miyan [Photo: Sardari Group for Johns Hopkins University] And theres no shortage of opportunities for Max Space to capitalize on, Miyan says. We’re seeing so much attention right now from all governments around the world to get the next space race won, and we’re doing everything we can to make sure that America maintains that position,” he says. “I think in order to do that, we have to make sure that we are continuing to evolve these incredible ideas that companies like ours have developed from the concept all the way through to productization, so that we as a nation maintain this strength and dominance that we’ve always hadnot just in exploration but also in defense. space is open for innovation. Were trying to get the message out that space is open for innovation, says Molly Mulligan, Chief Operating Officer of SpaceMD, a subsidiary of Redwire Space. The company, which formed in August 2025, is focused on accelerating drug creation by removing gravity from the growth process of antibody crystals. “At Space MD, that’s really the goal: to take the science of making better drugs in space and apply that here on Earth to actually make drugs that are commercially available for people, Mulligan says. SpaceMD Chief Operating Officer Molly Mulligan [Photo: Sardari Group for Johns Hopkins University] SpaceMDs mission takes inspiration from the success of Keytruda, an immunotherapy drug created by pharmaceutical company Merck whose crystals were grown on the International Space Stationa process they are hoping to replicate in the coming years. We want to be the company that takes that next drug through the whole process. And we’re working on that today, trying to take a drug from growing the crystals in space all the way through the preclinical process to an investigational new drug form for the FDA,” she says. “So that’s really top of mind for us is being the company that does that with the second drug and the third drug and a fourth drug to help people every day here on earth.” “patients are waiting for new medicines today.” Isomorphic Labs, the AI-powered drug company spun out of Google DeepMind, has an audacious goal of solving all diseases using AI. The key to doing so largely rets with its AlphaFold AI system which can predict the complex structure of proteins and model how they might internet with, say, DNA or drugs. The discovery earned Google DeepMind the 2024 Nobel Prize in chemistry. And this past July, the company announced it’s “very close” to human trials. “As we move to the new year, we all know that patients are waiting for new medicines today,” says Ben Wolf, chief medical officer at Isomorphic Labs. Wolf joined the company in June and says his focus is advancing Isomorphic Labs into “an industry leading clinical pipeline.” Wolf says their initial focus is oncology and immunology. Isomorphic Labs Chief Medical Officer Ben Wolf [Photo: Sardari Group for Johns Hopkins University] “One of the challenges is just the heterogeneic [and] intractable nature of many diseases like cancer. So they’re very challenging to crack,” Wolf says. What will be imperative for Isomorphic Labs is coupling AI-based approaches to drug development with precision medicine paradigms, i.e. tailoring treatment to specific patients instead of a one-size-fits-all approach. “Ultimately that will give us the capacity to quickly make safer and more effective medicines for all patients,” Wolf says.
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During the pandemic, over two million women left the workforce, many of whom were forced to leave their jobs in the absence of reliable childcare. It took years for female workers to recover from those losses, but eventually the share of working women had surpassed pre-pandemic numbersthough their participation in the labor force still remained lower relative to that of male workers. In 2025, however, it appears that the gains that women had made in recent years started to slip away. In the first half of the year, about 212,000 women exited the workforce, and there was a marked dip in employment among working mothers: An analysis by the Washington Post found that the share of working mothers between the ages of 25 and 44 dropped steadily from January to June, resulting in an overall decrease of nearly three percentage points. The most recent jobs report showed that in December, a total of 81,000 workers left the labor force (which means they are no longer employed or looking for a new job). All of those workers were women, according to a new analysis by the National Womens Law Center (NWLC), which drew on the jobs report data. The overall losses were even higher: 91,000 women left the labor force last month, but that figure was offset by 10,000 men entering the labor force. Across 2025, there was an increase in the number of women entering the labor forcebut at a much slower clip than in past years. The rate of increase among female workers also pales when compared with that of male workers: The pool of women in the labor force expanded by just 184,000, while the share of men grew by 572,000. This decline in employment also seems to be having an outsize impact on women of color, according to the NWLC. Unemployment among Black workers has been on the rise in recent months, but particularly for Black women; the unemployment rate for Black women inched up to 7.3% in December, up from 7.1% in November. Latinas also saw a marginal increase in unemployment, from 4.4% the month prior to 4.5% in December. (The overall rate of unemployment, by comparison, has hovered around 4.4%, with an even lower rate for white workers at 3.8%.) These fluctuations in employment come amid a growing number of hurdles for working mothers. Remote work policies had made it easier for many parents to remain in the workforce, particularly among mothers of young children. Over the last two years, many companies have forced their employees to return to the office, reversing the flexible work arrangements that had enabled parents to juggle their personal and professional obligations. In 2025, leading companies like Amazon and JPMorgan Chase started requiring that workers come into the office five days a week; a report from real estate company Jones Lang LaSalle found that the majority of employees at the hundred largest U.S. companies by revenue were required to come into the office. The Trump administrations policies and executive actions have also taken a toll on women, and especially working mothers. Trump imposed own return-to-office requirements on federal workers, hundreds of thousands of whom were working remotely. Many of the federal layoffs targeted agencies where women and people of color were overrepresented, and they also disproportionately impacted probationary workersthose in their first year of service or people who have recently been promotedwho are more likely to be women. Now, working mothers may face new challenges, as Trump takes aim at the childcare programs that make it possible for countless parents to work. The childcare industry has long struggled with inadequate funding and high labor costs, making it difficult for many providers to keep their doors open. The current administration has exacerbated some of those issues: When he took office, Trump threatened funding for Head Start, which helps subsidize childcare costs for low-income families, and the federal layoffs also compromised the program by cutting staff and making it even harder for underresourced childcare providers to stay afloat. Just days into the new year, Trump has sought to withhold $10 billion in federal funding earmarked for childcare subsidies and social services in Democratic states, due to concerns over alleged fraud. A federal judge has blocked the funding freeze for nowbut theres no telling how Trump may continue to target childcare and caregiving programs, to the detriment of working mothers.
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E-Commerce
Fewer Americans are signing up for Affordable Care Act health insurance plans this year, new federal data shows, as expiring subsidies and other factors push health expenses too high for many to manage. Nationally, around 800,000 fewer people have selected plans compared to a similar time last year, marking a 3.5% drop in total enrollment so far. That includes a decrease in both new consumers signing up for ACA plans and existing enrollees re-upping them. The new data released Monday evening by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services is only a snapshot of a continuously changing pool of enrollees. It includes sign-ups through Jan. 3 in states that use Healthcare.gov for ACA plans and through Dec. 27 for states that have their own ACA marketplaces. In most states, the period for shopping for plans continues through Jan. 15 for plans that start in February. But even though its early, the data builds on fears that expiring enhanced tax credits could cause a dip in enrollment and force many Americans to make tough decisions to delay buying health insurance, look for alternatives, or forgo it entirely. Experts warn that the number of people who have signed up for plans may still drop even further, as enrollees get their first bill in January and some choose to cancel. Health care costs at the center of a fight in Congress The declining enrollment comes as Congress has been locked in a partisan battle over what to do about the subsidies that expired at the start of the new year. For months, Democrats have fought for a straight extension of the tax credits, while Republicans have insisted larger reforms are a better way to root out fraud and abuse and keep costs down overall. Last week, in a remarkable rebuke of Republican leadership, the House passed legislation to extend the subsidies for three years. The bill now sits in the Senate, where pressure is building for a bipartisan compromise. Up until this year, President Barack Obama‘s landmark health insurance program had been an increasingly popular option for Americans who don’t get health coverage through their jobs, including small business owners, gig workers, farmers, ranchers, and others. For the 2021 plan year, about 12 million people selected an Affordable Care Act plan. Enhanced tax credits were introduced the following year, and four years later, enrollment had doubled to over 24 million. This years sinking sign-ups sitting at about 22.8 million so far mark the first time in the past four years that enrollment has been down from the previous year at this point in the shopping window. The loss of enhanced subsidies means annual premium costs will more than double for the average ACA enrollee who had them, according to the health care research nonprofit KFF. But extending the subsidies would also be expensive for the country. Ahead of last week’s House vote, the nonpartisan Congressional Budget Office estimated that extending the subsidies for three years would increase the nation’s deficit by about $80.6 billion over the decade. Americans begin looking for other options Robert Kaestner, a health economist at the University of Chicago, said some of those who abandon ACA plans may have other options, such as going on a partner’s employer health plan or changing their income to qualify for Medicaid. Others will go without insurance at least temporarily while they look for alternatives. My prediction is 2 million more people will lack health insurance for a while,” Kaestner said. “That’s a serious issue, but Republicans would argue we’re using government money more efficiently, we’re targeting people who really need it and we’re saving $35 billion a year. Several Americans interviewed by The Associated Press have said they’re dropping coverage altogether for 2026 and will pay out of pocket for needed appointments. Many said they are crossing their fingers that they aren’t affected by a costly injury or diagnosis. I’m pretty much going to be going without health insurance unless they do something, said 52-year-old Felicia Persaud, a Florida entrepreneur who dropped coverage when she saw her monthly ACA costs were set to increase by about $200 per month. It’s sort of like playing poker and hoping the chips fall and try the best that you can.” Ali Swenson and Nicky Forster, Associated Press
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