In the neighborhoods surrounding the Santa Monica Airport, homeowners know little peace. Every few minutes, the whine of a jet engine intrudes on the suburban soundscape.
But relief is coming. In 2017, locals won a more than seven-decade fight to close the airport. It’s scheduled to shutter once and for all on Dec. 31, 2028.
Santa Monica residents voted in 2014 to build a park on the site of the airport. But as the 2028 closure date approaches, some residents, councilmembers, and pro-housing groups are calling for the construction of affordable housing on the site in addition to a park.
With an organized contingent of development opponents determined to stop them, the airport site is shaping up as the latest flashpoint in Southern Californias battles over housing construction.
Neighbors of the airport say living beneath the jets is maddening and dangerousmany of the smaller planes that land there burn leaded fuel, spraying toxins on the homes and schools below. But some of the airports neighbors are so opposed to housing construction that they would consider keeping the airport open until the threat of development is quashed.
A lot of the risk could be reduced simply by delaying closing, said Marc Verville, who lives near the airport.
To protect ourselves, we should keep the airport open until we can address the political landscape and correct it, said Tricia Crane, chair of Northeast Neighbors of Santa Monica, a neighborhood association.
The closure of an airport presents a rare opportunity in any urban environment. Spanning more than 200 acresand comprising around 4% of the citys landthe Santa Monica Airport is poised to become available for redevelopment all at once. Centrally located and publicly owned, it offers a rare chance to address the citys acute affordable housing shortage. In Santa Monica, where average rent is nearly $4,000 a month, such a moment may never come again.
Building housing would be a win for everybody, said Rev. Joanne Leslie, a Santa Monica resident and a deacon in the Episcopal Diocese of Los Angeles. Leslie is part of a group advocating for a 3,000-unit affordable housing development on the airport site called Cloverfield Commons.
Leslies group imagines their development amidst the larger park, with buildings arranged around smaller, so-called pocket parks, connected by winding paths.
Building a large amount of housing on the site would likely require voter approval through another ballot measure, according to City Councilmember Jesse Zwick, who supports building some form of mixed use, mixed income housing on the site alongside a park.
But he says the housing crisis in Santa Monica is so great that another referendumeven if it means a difficult fightwould be worth having.
For every four or five new jobs created in Santa Monica over the past 45 years, the city added just one home, he said. The citys failure to build housing has led its population to stagnate during that time period, he added, while Californias population has nearly doubled.
Will it be a fight? Sure, he said. But is it one that I think can be won? Definitely.
Since the 1970s, anti-development groups have largely blocked the construction of new housing across the stateand especially in Santa Monica, where the city has permitted roughly 4,500 units of new housing in the last 20 years.
Given the statewide housing shortage, state officials are asking cities to build more housing than they used to. Every eight years, cities are required to submit a plan to the state showing how they intend to meet its increasingly ambitious housing development targets. If they dont adequately plan to meet those targets, they could face penalties including the notorious builders remedy, in which developers are allowed to build whatever they want, regardless of zoning, as long as 20% of the units are affordable.
Verville and Crane are worried Santa Monica will designate the airport site for housing in its next state-mandated housing plan, due in 2029.
Thats why they are floating the idea of pushing to delay the closure of the airport until after that deadline as a way to keep the airport out of conversations about meeting state housing targets.
The residents want to stop the airport conversion process until this kind of risk is addressed and mitigated, said Crane, and we can fulfill our vision of a park.
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Leslie was drawn to the fight to build affordable housing on the airport site because of her work as a deacon in the Episcopal Church advocating for workers and immigrant rights. Leslie is a member of Clergy and Laity United for Economic Justice (CLUE), which recently participated in the Home Is Sacred rally in support of affordable housing development on the airport site.
In a place like Santa Monica, so much of the homelessness is directly related to the high cost of housing and rents, she said. We put people in a situation where they cant help themselves, and then we blame them for it.
Crane and Verville say theyre not opposed to affordable housing, but that the city, facing a budget deficit, cannot afford to build any and that no subsidies exist to support buildings with lower rents.
My kids want a lot of things too, said Crane. If I dont have the money for it, they dont get it.
Leslies group contends that subsidies do exist to build affordable housing on the site, including funds raised by Measure A, the countys new half-cent sales tax, approved by voters in November and aimed at funding homelessness solutions and affordable housing.
Verville and Crane think thats not realistic, and that the development at the site will be exclusively luxury apartments, which they say will make the city more expensive, not less.
They arrived for their interviews at the airport armed with more than 90 pages of readings, including an academic working paper they said debunks the idea that building market-rate housing lowers rents and home prices. (The National Bureau of Economic Research study finds that higher housing costs are tied to a regions income growth, not to how tightly its housing supply is regulated.)
Its becoming a city of rich people, Crane sighed.
Santa Monica City Councilmember Zwick says that building housing, including luxur housing, does lead to lower rents and housing prices in the surrounding community.
About 80% of the time, new apartments are filled by people already living nearby, he said.
And when those people move into those new housing units, they open up housing in the spaces where they used to live, creating more available supply and creating downward pressure on prices.
Every credible study Ive read indicates that thats how it works, he said, speaking with Capital & Main in an empty office at UCLA, where he is studying for a masters in urban planning.
Besides, Zwick argued, parks and housing belong together. Apartments lacking backyards need open, public space. And parks need those who live nearby to use them.
A lot of people like to say we need our Central Park, he said. But if Central Park in Manhattan had a perimeter entirely of single family homes, it wouldnt function and be as great as it is.
Jack Ross, Capital & Main
This piece was originally published by Capital & Main and KCRW.
