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Amaras Law, coined by the American scientist and futurist Roy Amara, says humans tend to overestimate the effect of a technology in the short run and underestimate the effect in the long run. If the first half of 2025 is anything to go by, in the AI era, the runs are getting shorter, and the effects of the technology will be larger than weve seen in a generation. In a matter of months, the conversation in companies has accelerated far beyond if AI is a useful productivity tool, to where and when it can be applied. Across industries and geographies, executives are acknowledging that AI is a general-purpose business solution, not just a technical one. Despite widespread workplace adoption, the focus on cybersecurity has not kept pace. In the rush to adopt AI systems, applications and agents, companies are failing to consider that rapid deployment of these new technologies could lead to data breaches and other security risks. That matters because AI models are not only getting more powerful but also more useful for enterprises. More enterprises are using AI agents As of early June, OpenAIs base of paying business users reached 3 million, up from 2 million in February. In a move for that market, ChatGPT can now connect to popular business apps such as Google Drive, Dropbox, and Sharepoint, allowing workers to quickly access answers that are locked in dispersed documents and spreadsheets. Confusion, and even fear, about AI agents has given way to exploration and adoption. Among US-based organizations with annual revenues of $1 billion or more, 65% were piloting AI agents in the first quarter of this year, up from 37% in the space of a single quarter. Microsofts Azure AI Foundry, its platform for building AI agents, processed 100 trillion tokens in the first three months of 2025 (with one token representing the smallest unit of text that an AI model processes)a five-fold increase year-on-year. At the same time, the cost per token more than halved, spurring higher use and creating virtuous cycles of innovation. As John Chambers, the former CEO of Cisco, says, AI is this generations internet revolution but at five times the speed, with three times the outcome. Beyond the hype that haunts the sector, there are signs of enterprise AI adoption everywhere. In his latest letter to shareholders Alex Karp, CEO of Palantir Technologies, describes a ravenous whirlwind of adoption of AI. IBM, which has rolled out its AI strategy to 270,000 employees, reports that AI already handles 94% of routine human resources tasks. At Shopify, the e-commerce group, AI usage is now a baseline expectation, CEO Tobias Lütke said in an employee memo. The workplace automation company Zapier, which took steps to embed AI across its workforce, says that 89% of employees actively use AI in their daily work. The list goes onand its not just technology companies. JP Morgan, the worlds largest bank, has rolled out GenAI tools to 200,000 staff members, and says employees have each gained one-to-two hours of productivity each week. AI acquisitions are plentiful The shift from novel to mass-market tech is reflected in the business strategies of the main AI model makers, which are reimagining themselves as application companies. In the space of two weeks, OpenAI, the ChatGPT parent, appointed a CEO of Applications and then acquired IO, the AI device startup founded by former Apple designer Jony Ive, for $6.5 billion. Meta, perceived to be behind in the AI race, has invested $14.3 billion in Scale AI, which provides data and evaluation services to develop applications for AI. Meanwhile, Apple is reported to have had internal talks about buying Perplexity AI, a two-and-a-half year-old AI model maker. AI app security is rarely discussed Companies are naturally focused on the potential and performance of AI systems, but it’s striking how rarely security is part of the story. The reality is that the speed of deployment of AI apps and agents is leaving companies at risk for breaches, data loss, and brand impact. For example, an AI system or agent that has access to employee HR data or a banks internal systems leaves a company open to possible cyberattacks by bad actors. In business-critical applications, risks emerge at every stage of the development cycle, from choosing which AI model to use and what systems to give it access to, right through to deployment and daily use. In our work on testing the security of AI models with simulated attacksknown as red-teamingand creating the CalypsoAI Model Security Leaderboards, we have discovered that, despite performance improvements, new or updated AI models are often less secure than existing ones. At the same time, existing models can see their security score slip over time. Why? Because the attacks keep progressing and bad actors learn new tricks. More techniques and capabilities of breaking or bypassing AI model securities keep being invented. Simply, the attack techniques are getting better and they’re causing AI models that have only recently launched to become less secure. That means that organizations that begin using an AI system or agent today, but don’t stay up to date with the latest threat intel, will be more vulnerable as attack techniques increase in capability and frequency. As corporate AI systems gain autonomy and access to sensitive data, what is safe today may not be safe tomorrow. The research firm Gartner has forecast that 15% of day-to-day business decisions will be made autonomously by agents by 2028, though that percentage may increase by then. Against that backdrop, virtually all the security protocols and permissions in enterprises are built for human workers, not for AI agents that can roam through company networks and learn on the job. That mismatch opens up vulnerabilities, such as the ossibility of agents accessing sensitive information and sharing it inappropriately. Poorly secured agents will be prime targets for hackers, particularly where they have access to valuable data or functions such as money transfers. The consequences include financial loss and reputational damage. Final thoughts Securing these new systems will be critical to AI adoption and to successful return on investment for the companies involved. A new security paradigm, using the capabilities of agentic AI to secure enterprise AI, is needed to allow innovation to thrive and agents to reach their potential. While the development of AI models and systems so far can reasonably be summarized as better, cheaper, less secure, the final part of that equation must improve significantly as the emerging application-first AI era accelerates. Once that happens, Roy Amara seems certain to be proven right once again. Donnchadh Casey is CEO of CalypsoAI.
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E-Commerce
As Zohran Mamdani declared victory in the New York City Democratic mayoral primary on Tuesday night, one had to wonder: Has anyone checked on the finance bros? On X, the Wall Street meltdown was already well underway. It appears that NYC is electing to commit suicide by Mayor, wrote Jim Bianco, president of Bianco Research. Its officially hot commie summer, added Dan Loeb, CEO of hedge fund Third Point and longtime Cuomo backer. every NYC finance guy on my main feed right now pic.twitter.com/Z7anouAFio— (@EffMktHype) June 25, 2025 Loeb wasnt alone. Billionaires like Michael Bloomberg and Bill Ackman had backed Andrew Cuomo, still seen as the frontrunner even in the races final days. Bill Ackman drafting his thoughts on Mamdani rn, one post joked, alongside an image of an essay-length text being written. Another great part of Mamdanis victory is that it means Michael Bloomberg pretty much lit over $8 million on fire for no reason lol, another X user wrote. Bill Ackman drafting his thoughts on Mamdani rn pic.twitter.com/e7pCMMKKO4— litquidity (@litcapital) June 25, 2025 The finance industrys reaction isnt surprising. A Mamdani win in Novembers general election could bring what Wall Street dreads most: tax hikes and tighter regulations threatening corporate and investment interestsfueling the familiar cry of a wealthy exodus. Wealthy New Yorkers moving to Miami if Zohran wins, one Instagram meme joked. View this post on Instagram A post shared by New Yorkers (@newyorkers) Lets not forget the finance bro who did vote for Mamdani (starter pack includes a Carhartt beanie and a copy of The Communist Manifesto). NYC girls with trust funds were calling him Zaddy Zohran and you thought he was going to lose? one user posted on X. pic.twitter.com/0mZY1Kfw2s— Overheard on Wall Street (@OHWallStreet) June 24, 2025 One post, acknowledging defeat, featured an AI-generated image of fleece-clad finance bros scanning groceries at a city-run market: Well boys, onto the new bullpen. Well boys, onto the new bullpen. pic.twitter.com/GUxzYaYZw6— Overheard on Wall Street (@OHWallStreet) June 25, 2025 Another post on X perfectly summed up the general mood: Investment bankers reacting to NYC nominating a socialist for Mayor. The accompanying caption? wed all be fine with a lot less, right? Investment bankers reacting to NYC nominating a socialist for Mayor pic.twitter.com/4SY66q4qTn— litquidity (@litcapital) June 25, 2025
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E-Commerce
In my conversations with business leaders around the world, I consistently hear the same phrase to describe what they want to achieve for their workforce: AI fluency. I often tell them that to achieve AI fluency, we need to treat it as a foreign language. Like learning a new language, becoming AI fluent requires dedication, immersion, and practice. Fluency transforms how we think and communicate. Becoming fluent requires us to overcome the fear of making mistakes or incurring risks. Yet theres one crucial difference between achieving fluency in AI versus a new language: When learning a new language, we step into an established culture. With AI, were learning the culture while simultaneously creating it. The big question: How can organizations build these cultures and become laboratories of AI fluency? Here are three ways to foster AI fluency. 1. Create an immersive environment Whether were learning Spanish, Mandarin, or any of the other 7,000 languages in the world, immersion is an essential step to fluency. Living where the language is spoken forces you to adapt, to think differently, and to develop new neural pathways. AI requires the same commitment. Organizations are uniquely positioned to create these immersive environments where employees interact with AI tools daily, not as occasional novelties but as essential components of their workflow. From Udemys work with thousands of organizations around the world, helping to create these environments, weve found that organizations succeed when they integrate AI across departments, from marketing teams using generative AI for content creation to HR departments employing AI-powered skills assessments. Immersive environments are built when employees understand they need to become fluent to reach their goals. That means the most successful AI adoption happens when tools directly address employees pain points. Just as language learners progress faster when they need the right words to order food or navigate transportation, employees embrace AI more readily when it solves real problems they face. Organizations seeking AI fluency must balance structure with exploration. Consider how language learning works: Structured lessons provide grammar and vocabulary, but real learning happens through conversation and experimentation. Similarly, building organizational AI fluency requires a few basic building blocks: Upskilling on foundational AI capabilities and limitations, like learning the rules of grammar. Creating a sandbox-style environment where people can experiment without fear of consequences. Developing communities of practice where people can find social support to troubleshoot, ask questions, celebrate successes, and motivate each other to keep experimenting. Establishing guidelines for when to rely on human judgment versus AI, how to evaluate AI outputs, and how to maintain human connection in AI-mediated interactions. 2. Overcome fluency barriers The barriers to AI fluency mirror those of language learning. Fear of embarrassment prevents many language learners from practicing conversation, just as fear of looking incompetent may prevent employees from experimenting with AI. Imposter syndromethe feeling that everyone else knows more than you doimpacts both AI and language fluency. The solution is creating psychologically safe environments where questions are welcomed, and mistakes are treated as learning opportunities. Leaders like Salesforce CEO Marc Benioff model this by encouraging employees to approach new challenges with a beginners mind, getting curious instead of expecting immediate mastery and understanding. Whats more, both language learners and AI adopters often experience an uncanny valley stage where they know enough to recognize their limitations but not enough to feel confident. Supporting people through this phase is critical. This is where many abandon the journey if theyre not properly encouraged. In this case, encouragement can come not only from leaders, but from the environments leaders create such as building supportive communities of practice where learners can share their struggles with gaining fluency. This normalizes the experience, while reminding them that this uncomfortable stage is not just common but also a sign of meaningful growth. 3. Create culture while learning This is where the language metaphor ends. While becoming AI fluent, were simultaneously students and architects of the culture. This dual role presents unprecedented responsibility and opportunity. Leaders must consciously shape how AI integrates into the organizational culture by establishing rules and norms that preserve human creativity and connection while leveraging AIs capabilities. This means modeling thoughtful AI usage, celebrating innovative applications, and continuously reinforcing that AI serves human objectives, not the reverse. The organizations that thrive will be those that build immersive environments where employees can become AI fluent and build cultures where technology amplifies uniquely human capabilities. In a workplace where managers offload administrative or basic creative tasks to AI agents, employees would gain hours back in their day. This would allow them to spend more time coaching their teams, helping them solve problems, identify opportunities for growth, and learn the best ways to motivate them during times of change and upheaval. The journey to this future begins with recognizing that AI, like any language, isnt just a skill to acquire but a new way of thinking. Hugo Sarrazin is the CEO of Udemy.
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